Sunday, 23 February 2025

My beginners guide to using Sequator

 How I have been using Sequator thus far in my astrophotography learning journey

Around two years in now to learning, from scratch, i.e. no knowledge base whatsoever, how to

·        Use my DSLR in manual mode

·        Do some basic astronomy using a beginner’s telescope

·        Complete some basic astrophotography – both deep space targets and milky way landscapes

One of the free software programs I got to grips with early on was Sequator – mainly for stacking my very limited milky way landscape images. Below I outline my Sequator work flow.

Remember, this blog is written by a complete beginner to astronomy and astrophotography – for other complete beginners! Essentially it is a record of my learning journey in these fields. Mistakes, warts and all!

I am doing this post on Sequator today because some one emailed me and asked if I had any basic workflow notes for a complete beginner. They had been looking at my ‘Beginner’s guide to taking your first milky way photograph’ series; in one blog post I mentioned my using Sequator but didn’t expand on it. Luke, this post is for you buddy.

 

Firstly, lets start with – What is Sequator?

It is a free, at the moment, software for windows platforms. It stacks and aligns RAW or TIFF file night sky images, and in doing so removes random noise. An added advantage? It handles images with a little bit of foreground in them. All the better then! And, bonus, it will help with other challenges such as light pollution, distortion, hot pixels, etc. I found the basic functions quick and easy to learn, understand and set up ad I have put my workflow notes on sequator further down this post. Remember, I am a very new beginner astrophotographer. So, I am sure I have missed things out, for which I apologise. But the aim of this post is to give you something to work with initially if it is the first time you have come across Sequator.

As well as light images, you can add darks and flats as well. The basic settings for processing the images are straight forward. There are other options that can be selected depending on the images being stacked and these are explained in the manual which can be viewed here: https://sites.google.com/view/sequator/manual

 

 

Here then is my beginner’s workflow using sequator:

1.       Sometimes, not always, I may batch edit my lights before placing into sequator – using affinity photo – NOTE: only edit exposure, contrast, highlights, shadows, and WB – I am aiming to try and reveal further detail from shadow areas and prevent blowing out of brighter stars -  if you do this, save them as TIFF files at end

2.       Open ‘Star Images’ – drag and drop light images into sequator (SQ) NOTE: star frames = lights; noise images = darks – use same number of these as lights added – at least 5 - 8; vignetting images = flats

This is one of around 15 images I collected on the night
ISO 3200 f/2.8  11"
I have blocked out the number plate for obvious reasons


3.       Check ‘output’ box and name file – save as Tiff 16 bit file

4.       SQ automatically selects image as base image – double click base image to choose image I want.

5.       Composition – ‘align stars’ for all images with foreground or just milky way and/or stars. (If doing star trails – select ‘trails’ instead). On Accumulation’ – select ‘best pixels’ – slider across to HIGH – this will remove satellite and plane trails from final image

6.       Click ‘freeze foreground’ (bottom LHS) if images contain foreground elements. Check box ‘selective’ alongside. Slider across to ‘strict’. Select ‘best pixels’



7.       Sky region – allows you to help Sequator decide which part of the image is sky and which part is foreground.  Use ‘boundary line’ if you have a flat non punctuated horizon line between sky and foreground. Use ‘irregular mask’ for complicated horizon or foreground objects punctuating it. Mouse scroll wheel will green paint in sky area. Leave little gap between foreground and sky that has been blanked out. (Right mouse click = eraser for mistakes). Click ‘auxiliary highlight’.

8.       Auto brightness – off. HDR – off (although try as on if different exposure levels between images – if final image is over exposed – redo and check both these to on) ‘Remove dynamic noise’ – on. It removes hot pixels – especially useful if images are long exposure ones. If not using dark images – reduce distortion effects – I keep on ‘auto’ as it seems to remove any star streaking in the outer edges and corners of my final stacked image.

9.       Check ‘light pollution’ – only if present in images. Check ‘uneven’ or ‘deep sky’ – depending on conditions. Don’t apply light pollution too aggressively. I find it gives horrible results and so unless there is major light pollution – I don’t use it.



10.   Can check ‘intelligently aggressive’ box or leave unchecked an use slider to determine how much light pollution compensation to apply. Default – check the box.

11.   Check ‘reduce distortion effects’ box to auto. Check ‘complex’ box at bottom

12.   Ignore rest of boxes on menu

13.   Click ‘start’

14.   On final image – zoom in and check any areas with trees etc for stacking artefacts etc.

 

Around seven minutes processing to this, the final stacked image, saved as a TIFF file and ready to import into Affinity Photo for further processing work 

In Affinity Photo, I do some post editing work on the final TIFF image from Sequator. Post editing skills development is a focus on mine for 2025. Why? Because I really suck at it! 😭

Anyway, from the image above via the images below: 




and finally ending up with this: 

Best I can do with my current limited post editing skills and knowledge of Affinity Photo tools and workflow practices. Ho Hum! Not Bad for a first effort I guess. 


Sequator can be used for star trails as well. I haven’t done any star trail work yet but if you are interested here are two websites that give tips:

Star trails in sequator

https://www.skyatnightmagazine.com/astrophotography/star-trails-software-sequator

stacking milky way images in sequator

https://www.ntounas.gr/how-to-stack-milky-way-photos-using-sequator/

 

Two videos about Sequator that I found useful were:





As always, I hope this has been helpful if you are a beginner. If I have anything wrong or if you can offer some better tips, then please drop me a comment below so that I can update the post.

As always, dark skies to you all, stay safe and take care out there. Have fun

Steve 

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